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CALIFORNIA CODES
PENAL CODE
SECTION 368
368. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that crimes against
elders and dependent adults are deserving of special consideration
and protection, not unlike the special protections provided for minor
children, because elders and dependent adults may be confused, on
various medications, mentally or physically impaired, or incompetent,
and therefore less able to protect themselves, to understand or
report criminal conduct, or to testify in court proceedings on their
own behalf.
(b) (1) Any person who knows or reasonably should know that a
person is an elder or dependent adult and who, under circumstances or
conditions likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully
causes or permits any elder or dependent adult to suffer, or inflicts
thereon unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or having
the care or custody of any elder or dependent adult, willfully causes
or permits the person or health of the elder or dependent adult to
be injured, or willfully causes or permits the elder or dependent
adult to be placed in a situation in which his or her person or
health is endangered, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail
not exceeding one year, or by a fine not to exceed six thousand
dollars ($6,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, or by
imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or four years.
(2) If in the commission of an offense described in paragraph (1),
the victim suffers great bodily injury, as defined in Section
12022.7, the defendant shall receive an additional term in the state
prison as follows:
(A) Three years if the victim is under 70 years of age.
(B) Five years if the victim is 70 years of age or older.
(3) If in the commission of an offense described in paragraph (1),
the defendant proximately causes the death of the victim, the
defendant shall receive an additional term in the state prison as
follows:
(A) Five years if the victim is under 70 years of age.
(B) Seven years if the victim is 70 years of age or older.
(c) Any person who knows or reasonably should know that a person
is an elder or dependent adult and who, under circumstances or
conditions other than those likely to produce great bodily harm or
death, willfully causes or permits any elder or dependent adult to
suffer, or inflicts thereon unjustifiable physical pain or mental
suffering, or having the care or custody of any elder or dependent
adult, willfully causes or permits the person or health of the elder
or dependent adult to be injured or willfully causes or permits the
elder or dependent adult to be placed in a situation in which his or
her person or health may be endangered, is guilty of a misdemeanor.
A second or subsequent violation of this subdivision is punishable by
a fine not to exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by
imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by both that
fine and imprisonment.
(d) Any person who is not a caretaker who violates any provision
of law proscribing theft, embezzlement, forgery, or fraud, or who
violates Section 530.5 proscribing identity theft, with respect to
the property or personal identifying information of an elder or a
dependent adult, and who knows or reasonably should know that the
victim is an elder or a dependent adult, is punishable by
imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or in the state
prison for two, three, or four years, when the moneys, labor,
goods, services, or real or personal property taken or obtained is of
a value exceeding four hundred dollars ($400); and by a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), by imprisonment in a county
jail not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment,
when the moneys, labor, goods, services, or real or personal
property taken or obtained is of a value not exceeding four hundred
dollars ($400).
(e) Any caretaker of an elder or a dependent adult who violates
any provision of law proscribing theft, embezzlement, forgery, or
fraud, or who violates Section 530.5 proscribing identity theft, with
respect to the property or personal identifying information of that
elder or dependent adult, is punishable by imprisonment in a county
jail not exceeding one year, or in the state prison for two, three,
or four years when the moneys, labor, goods, services, or real or
personal property taken or obtained is of a value exceeding four
hundred dollars ($400), and by a fine not exceeding one thousand
dollars ($1,000), by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one
year, or by both that fine and imprisonment, when the moneys, labor,
goods, services, or real or personal property taken or obtained is
of a value not exceeding four hundred dollars ($400).
(f) Any person who commits the false imprisonment of an elder or a
dependent adult by the use of violence, menace, fraud, or deceit is
punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for two, three, or
four years.
(g) As used in this section, "elder" means any person who is 65
years of age or older.
(h) As used in this section, "dependent adult" means any person
who is between the ages of 18 and 64, who has physical or mental
limitations which restrict his or her ability to carry out normal
activities or to protect his or her rights, including, but not
limited to, persons who have physical or developmental disabilities
or whose physical or mental abilities have diminished because of age.
"Dependent adult" includes any person between the ages of 18 and 64
who is admitted as an inpatient to a 24-hour health facility, as
defined in Sections 1250, 1250.2, and 1250.3 of the Health and Safety
Code.
(i) As used in this section, "caretaker" means any person who has
the care, custody, or control of, or who stands in a position of
trust with, an elder or a dependent adult.
(j) Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under both
this section and Section 187 or 12022.7 or any other provision of
law. However, a person shall not receive an additional term of
imprisonment under both paragraphs (2) and (3) of subdivision (b) for
any single offense, nor shall a person receive an additional term of
imprisonment under both Section 12022.7 and paragraph (2) or (3) of
subdivision (b) for any single offense.
(k) In any case in which a person is convicted of violating these
provisions, the court may require him or her to receive appropriate
counseling as a condition of probation. Any defendant ordered to be
placed in a counseling program shall be responsible for paying the
expense of his or her participation in the counseling program as
determined by the court. The court shall take into consideration the
ability of the defendant to pay, and no defendant shall be denied
probation because of his or her inability to pay.
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